"On the Twelfth Day of Blogging..."

How easy/difficult was your experience working with Blogger? Did you feel frustrated at any point with the technology or the kinds of knowledge you had to have to blog the way you wanted to? What was interesting or fun about working with Blogger? For being my first blogging experience, I have to say working with Blogger made it a relatively easy one. As I have admitted on previous occasions, I am not very tech savvy, but with the professor’s guidance I was finally able to figure out how to insert pictures and hyperlinks. Unfortunately, there were those weird instances where I had those horrible spaces I didn’t know how to get rid of…That was frustrating. Other than that, the site served its purpose and was fun to work with. Was writing the entry relatively painless or kind of a pain in the neck? Why or why not? Was it hard to write at least 250 words? Well, I think most of you would agree that I tend to go over the 250 word minimum…a lot lolz I enjoy writing, so if I have an outlet, all the better. For each blog I’d try to answer the question in its entirety and to the best of my ability. So, this might take 2000 words…give or take…sorry for those whose eyes strained to take in all that information lolz I know I tend to rant sometimes. =) Was it easy/difficult to meet the deadline for the entry and the comments? Why or why not? Do you think there may be a better way to set up a deadline? (If so, what is it?) Should there be a deadline at all? First off, of course there should be a deadline! If this assignment is to be graded, assessed, and counted toward our grade, it should be given in at an appointed time. Secondly, I didn’t see a problem meeting deadlines, although I was late on one occasion. I usually wrote on Saturday nights because I was waiting for others to post, and I like writing at night anyway =) making it 4am really works for me, its not a school night, and I had since Wednesday to think of what it I was going to write.

Discuss your experience interacting with other class blogs. Did you learn anything in special that you think you wouldn't have if we didn't have blogs? In general, were comments useful or just kind of pro forma?
I always commented on the blogs, but recently found that I would have to look through quite a few to find someone who had submitted the most recent blog by the time I did. Sometimes, seven at a time. I guess that’s why in the end I began to just meet the minimum two comments. I actually looked forward to checking out other people’s blogs. I liked finding shared ideas and experiences that I could point out, or sharing some information about the subject they were referring to. I also anxiously kept checking my blog for other people’s comments. I didn’t see writing comments as a chore, although I knew it was a requirement, I enjoyed doing it. I hope that everyone appreciated my thoughts, even the silly ones.

Compare blogging to other kinds of writing you have done in previous courses.

Hmm, in comparison to other types of writing I’ve done in college, I’d have to say this was the most informal, yet surprisingly similar to what my Latin American Literature professor wanted from our response papers. She asked for us to implement our personal opinion, our experiences into the papers, and we peered reviewed each others work frequently. This would have to be the most similar experience my mind can conjure at the moment, but I think I illustrate my point =)

Do you think you would like to keep on blogging on your own?
Honestly…Hell yeah! Maybe not as frequent, or should I say more frequently… hard to say…But now that I have this blogging thing down, I want to keep writing and sharing my opinion on different issues as they arise. Just as I wrote a random entry on garbage, I had also wrote an entry on the concert of peace given on the border of Venezuela and Colombia, but never put it up. I like having this outlet, so I guess I can now link it to my friends and rant to my heart's delight. I even saw my stuff on Google, when I did a Google search on the Guarani , so others can check out my craziness too. =) I have stewing thoughts about gun control, racism, and gender roles that I have been meaning to get out there. So hopefully, a few of you continue as well, cool way to keep in touch and support the Green cause.

Jocelyn =) By the way Professor, the Blogs were an awesome idea.

It's the little things...

I have to admit, since I started reading this book I have not been able to put it down. I know we only had to read Chapter One and another of our own choosing, but I have kept on going =) But since I might end up writing ‘til the cows come home, I’ll restrict myself to the first chapter and chapter seven, “Shopping”. Chapter “Home”: Most of these things are already being done in my home, and can be easily continued. 1 (being the easiest) - 5 1. “Trash Bags” ~ This is by far the easiest because I don’t even think about it. When I bring home something in a plastic bag, I immediately store it away to be reused as a trash can liner. I do not remember the last time my parents used or bought a black trash bag inside our home. 2. “Brushing Your Teeth”~ This is also something I do in the mornings. Why can’t we be more considerate and turn off the tap if we’re not using it? Its so easy, and I don’t see why I have to remind my little brother to do it all the time. 3. “Toilet”~ Yes, flushing the toilet once takes about the amount water that a person can survive on for two days. I used to flush tissues, cotton swabs, and even fish tank water, like nothing. But about a less than a year ago I saw a documentary about toilets on National Geographic and I have never been the same. Flushing the toilet less conserves water, so I just disposed of the things in the trash and used all of the water from my tank to water plants, which I learned about on a farm.(but it happens to be in teh book too =)! ) The only problem is that the other members of the household don’t do the same. 4. “Food Waste”~ This concept points out that we often buy or make more food than we consume. Yes, I agree, but this may pose some difficulty for me because 1. I am not the one purchasing the food, at the moment and my mom’s belief is “Better to have more, than less.” 2. In a household, you cannot always accurately predict how much food is needed. Either you come up short, or you have leftovers. 3. We buy in large quantities to supply food for the week, so trying to further calculate how much each meal would take up seems a bit much at the moment. Although we do save leftovers, my mother tends to make a new dish everyday, often leading to those leftovers being thrown out. 5. “Storage Containers”~ This would have to be the most difficult at the moment. The chapter asserts that these containers may leak harmful chemicals into the food we store in them, therefore glass containers should be preferred. 1. My kitchen cabinet houses what seems about one-hundred plastic containers, ranging from all shapes and sizes. 2. The cost of replacing all of these containers kind of makes me flinch. 3. I wonder how many of the containers I dispose of would be able to be recycled? 4,5, and 6. Glass breaks, hurts, and I’m clumsy. ( I just thought I would add that, because its true.) I didn’t chose anything involving a lawn, washer/dryer, drycleaners, or a dishwasher because I live in an apartment and/or do not use these things. Chapter Seven: “Shopping”: 1. “Bread-Dinner”~ Easy! We always get fresh bread from the corner bakery and recycle the paper bag it comes in. It's less packaging, and yum, it tastes great. Made right in the store, and only a short walk away. 2. “Bulk”~ My dad is a member at BJ’s. He always prefers to buy in bulk; the bigger bottles the better; bigger bags and bigger boxes. Another way in which we avoid large amounts of packaging and hey, we get more for less. 3. “Paper Towels”~ Okay, I put this in the middle, because its difficult to stop using them at the moment, but compromise is always an option lolz See, I never realized how many paper towels we use in our home. We use rags, and dish towels, but paper towels always seem so available and easy to just use, dump and hey, it saves us the time of having to rinse out a rag. Buying rolls with smaller sized sheets will be a great way to limit their waste. 4. “Toys- Plastic”~ Although this is supposed to be safer for children, I doubt they will understand the urgency, or why I am giving them a wooden toy instead of the new Batman with the high-kick action. I have two little brothers, and if I were to give them something that was “alternative” and not mainstream, they might never speak to me again. Unless big toy companies are already using other materials that don’t include plastic to fabricate their toys, then this may pose some difficulty come birthdays and Christmas. 5. “Homeopathic vs. Manufactured Pharmaceuticals”~ this would have to be the biggest problem for me, because I suffer from many ailments that require medication. I have cocktails of pills every morning and night, to pretty much ensure that I will be able to get up the next morning. For example, I have bleeding ulcers, severe back strain, a ’depressed’ shoulder, and suffer from migraines. These all call for different pain relievers, or medications. While, I use homeopathic eye drops and eardrops, I don’t know if there would be any alternatives to deal with these issues, as well as my many others. Umm, let’s see: I make a public commitment to recycle all junk mail and call the Mail Preference Service to see what I can do about limiting its flow into my mailbox. I will rid myself of the evil that is junk mail! =) Jocelyn =) One “Little Thing” at a time! P.S. Professor, I'm so anxious to hear any news about my paper! Anything?! Have u gotten to it yet?

Clock's Ticking For Us!!! =/

Nayelly 1. Thesis: “Also a result the lakes and rivers are drying, Colorado’s fishes are the mist of being extinct. There are many reasons why four of the native fishes are endangered but luckily there are solutions to this.” Although, I recognize this as the thesis, it still comes off a bit unclear. I guess I would suggest something like, “ As a result of the lakes and rivers drying, Colorado’s fish populations are in the midst of becoming extinct. There are various reasons for which four of the state’s native fish species are now endangered, but luckily, there are solutions to this problem.” I don’t know, something like that. Maybe that can help? 2. Well, I printed out a copy in tiny print, so I only have two pages. I have to say that the Fifth paragraph, first page on my end, had really interesting information: “There are hundreds of dams, diversions and other barriers that are being build which effect the migration of these fishes. There is also 40 new species that have been introduced to the upper Colorado river basin which are eating and or effecting the four species habited. Another factor is that the rivers flows are being cut by a third which crowds fishes to live together which results in harms the living of the fishes. But one of the greatest impact has been the water development. A lot of the dams being constructed block the path of migration for fishes. The remaining water is suffering from changes in temperature, called tail water.” I am always interested in learning how species people have introduced into different ecosystems have negatively effected them. The fact that forty new species now occupy these waters makes any incredible impact on the existing fish populations. They raises competition levels, take up space, food, and not to mention, oxygen! The same thing happened when Starlings and Quaker parrots escaped in New York, and tons of unwanted goldfish were let loose in its ponds. However, I am curious as to why these species were introduced in the first place?; What species were they?; What is the purpose of these diversions?; Why have there been temperature changes? 3. I didn't get bored with the paper. I found the topic intriguing. However, there’s were a couple of parts that got a bit confusing here and there: Fifth paragraph: “The down steams are now 15 degrees cooler, which kill some fishes that can live in cold water.” Huh? Wouldn’t that mean that they would survive? Maybe you meant, “can’t.” Third paragraph: “As well as the fishes that are dying because of low water. Eventually if this problem persists the rivers of Colorado with become dry and eventually dry and other rivers of other part of the world will also face similar problems.” I just feel like you didn’t finish the idea. Where were you going, or coming with the idea? Why would other rivers be affected by Colorado’s dried up rivers? Second Paragraph: “Colorado has many rivers and lakes, but ten of its rivers are in states of crises. The Colorado River “suffers from sever depletions due to the unintended consequence of Colorado’s water law.” (not having enough water) The Cache La Poudre River “is subject to extensive diversions downstream.” The water of the Snowmass Creek “is also suffering from Colorado’s water law”. The South Boulder Creek is suffering of water reduction. There is hardly any water in the winter, the water that remains suffers from low flows. The San Miguel river also has too little of water.” I am confused as to what the Colorado water law is exactly and how it directly affects water flow. I believe that is a very important detail. 4. Second Paragraph: “It also suffers from the water development which effects its water flows. The La Plata River has basically shrunk; this river occupied a lot of the native fish but is now low in water. The bear creek “suffers from chronic overuse and warm temperatures in low-water years.” Because of changes in the temperature there are a lot of killings of trout. The South Arkansas River is becoming dry because of “diversion for agricultural irrigation and hydroelectric power.” The North Fork of the Gunnison suffers of serious drought. And finally the Conejos River suffers “from low winter stream flows below Platoro Reservoir.” Ten of its rivers and creeks are suffering from serious water drought. Without water, humans, animals, and other living organism can’t survive.” You do give acknowledgement to another by putting the phrase in quotation marks, but you don’t say who said it, and/or where it came from. 5. The human interest story about Matthew Stevens was great. It sounded really naturally and flowed well. It reminded me of the students in my high school Aquaculture team. I like that you incorporated facts in the interview, showing that Matt was genuine about the cause. I also really like the way you ended it, with a piece about how these four native species are being salvaged by different groups. 6. As I mentioned you have some really interesting ideas, but some seem repetitive, mixed up, or unfinished. I would recommend you simply proofread. There were some minor spelling errors, and some missing commas. Overall, it has really good potential. Just adding more detail to explain some of the concepts may make all the difference. I can’t wait to see how this turns out! Interesting topic. =) RaJeong Kim

1. Thesis: “I will discuss and analysis how much global warming is serious in the Netherlands and solutions for protecting from global warming.”
I considered this the thesis, or roughly the main idea of the paper, although I’m not sure if you can use “ I will” in these sort of things.

2. “From my story, I want to indicate and emphasize recognizance about importance of the environment. In my story, human's recognition is main point. Human beings can destroy environment, but they also can save environment if they care more and more. Recently, people find a solution to protect the planet from global warning and greenhouse effect. Today, technology is used to protect environment. For example, recently, natural gas buses are invented and replaced instead of regular buses to decrease car's dirty smog. Approximately, 75 to 90 percent of unhealthy gas can be removed by using natural gas buses. Moreover, In Netherlands, they try to find a solution for protecting global warming. According to the article, "…they have the largest offshore wind farm development plan in the world. The iconic windmills that once helped to pump out water from flood are now updated for the new millennium to help reduce the pollution that is raising sea levels around the world" (In the sea). “
Not only do I like the way you reflect on the story and how it relates to your research, but I was really interested in how the Netherlands is taking measures against global warming. I don’t know why it still surprises me that “everyone else”, like the Netherlands, Japan, and Ireland seem to be “going green”, while the United States trails behind. Don’t we strut around, claiming to be a world power? Well, were looking like blubbering idiots, don’t you agree? I am also amazed that the iconic windmills were put to better use in the Netherlands. Wow, just to think that a piece of equipment created to serve one purpose, can end up doing so much more gives me a renewed sense of hope. Lastly, if 75 -90 % of our current pollution levels can be cut down by switching to “natural gas buses”, why haven’t we sprung on it? We live on the transit system here and would definitely benefit from it.

3. No, I never got bored. The information was very interesting and the organization of ideas seemed to flow well. I would just be careful with some spelling, or word choices, that could make the sentences harder to read. For example: Second Paragraph: “airplains” or Fourth paragraph: Repeating the same word- “Activities what human beings do everyday provide convenience to human beings, so human beings continue to do activities even if the activities can be caused global warming.” Don’t worry, spell-check is my savior lolz

4. Yes, you acknowledged another person’s words and gave them credit. Second Paragraph: “Vehicles with poor gas mileage contribute the most to global warming" (Cause of global warming).”
But, in one instance the way you did so doesn’t seem accurate: Second Paragraph:"33% of U.S carbon dioxide emissions come from the burning of gasoline in internal-combustion engines of cars and light trucks (minivans, sport utility vehicles, pick-up trucks, and jeeps).US Emissions Inventory 2006 page 8 “ I believe its something like (US Emissions Inventory 8).

5. Your story was really great. A spaceship and the whole God-like voice versus careless-man thing was original and pretty inventive. It reflected on what could be the effects of global warming with a weird sci-fi twist. The barren landscape the man stares into, and the devastation that lays before him, serves as a harsh reminder of what could have been done, but wasn’t. The voice reminds him of that. Then, the world is obliterated. Wow. =) Awesome. Well, not that the world ends, the story I mean.

6. As for grammar, just as I mentioned before. Proofread, spell-check and I think you had some missing commas. So keep on going, its looking good so far. =) I want to see the finished product.=) and more spaceship stories (hahaha) =)

Jocelyn =) Good Luck to you all!!!!! Remember: Proofread a billion times, do not fear semicolons or commas and spell-check is your best friend! Lolz =)

These judgment calls worry me...

So, since this week’s blog could be a free-write topic about something “green”, I thought I might take this chance to shed some light on something non-green, I mean to say anti-green. I know that you have all seen collages of flyers just like these, these past few weeks. These are all promoting candidates for student elections that only lasted, what ?!, four days! Okay, I’m not against appealing to the voters or student leaders, but if the college is advertising “Being Green” and even going as far as getting the printers to use both sides of the page to save paper, how was this allowed to reach such extremes? Is this good campaign strategy, or just too much? The paper usage this semester was just as bad, or possibly worse than last year. It was not enough that the flyers lined our school’s walls, pillars, bulletin boards and even, blocked out our windows; students patrolled the halls with piles on hand, handing them out as if their lives depended on it. I was bombarded by flyer after flyer, hearing “Are you voting?” or “Vote for (so-so)”, time and time again. No matter if I was eating in the cafeteria, typing up a paper in the atrium or enjoying the sunshine in the courtyards, they would soon follow, placing them silently beside me, sometimes two of each. I was just so bothered that no one was seeing the error in all of this. I think about all the trees that it took to make all of those collages, and how in a matter of days they are discarded without a second thought. I think about the Guarani tribal people I am writing about in my research paper, and how they have suffered due to the high demand of paper. I was so upset after looming a bit that began to decline the flyers, telling the students that I was not voting and even, giving them back the ones they would put on the table. Yes, some of you might say but they’re going to be recycled. Not everyone recycles, sadly, and I personally saw those flyers taken by the wind, abandoned on benches, and in the street. Those chemical dyes aren’t too good for the environment, one would assume. =/ I don’t know, I would just rather see, one large poster, in each building, of each candidate and more candidates addressing the students one on one rather than suffocating them with dyed paper. One person said, “But their pretty. They add some color to these walls.” No, they are there to illustrate human’s complete disregard for the current situation. Just as the windows are left with these pieces of tape and paper as the flyers were effortlessly pulled down, I wonder what we will be left with to remember our mistakes. Jocelyn =)

The Guarani get to shine! =)

Alright guys, I know this blog is late, but I’ve been on pain meds and antibiotics for the past two days that have left me feeling more sick and not to mention the dopiness. When I tried to finish this, I was fading away, so I thought it was better to go to bed and pick up where I left off in the morning. My research project: addresses the exploitation of the Guarani people, from whom the land of their fathers’ is taken, the horrible manners in which this is done so. Then, how these tribes are relocated onto tiny pots of land, where up to 200 are expected to live and supply food for themselves. This deplorable conditions sometimes force the men to work for the enemy (land developer/ranchers) in order to save their families. The link between the environment, and its value due to lumber, fertility, and land for livestock, and how the racism and disregard for this indigenous people has caused great suffering, driven them to higher suicide rates, and even, alienation from “modern” villages. This environment is comprised of the rainforests, ranging from Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina, and the Amazon of Brazil. I go on to explain the effects of outside contact that has been going on for centuries. In the 16th century the conquistadores, who captured countless Guarani for slavery, and in the 17th century when the Jesuit missions started, where Guarani were converted to Christianity in order to escape slavery, but were also victims of mass genocide. After a few battles, those that survived returned to the rainforests of their ancestors to start over again. Then the land development spiked in South America in the 1980’s, leading the Guarani down the path of devastation. Why am I writing about this? Well apart that I came across this and just became incredibly intrigued; the more I learn about it the more angry I feel. I have developed a sort of passion for it, and I believe that it is very important when you are writing a paper like this. I wish to do my part in spreading awareness…that those imported cabinets may have cost the life of an eleven year old girl. My audience: Well, like I said before: To anyone who will lend their ears and take in this message. I write for readers, not myself. (although I do tend to lag on here) My papers are not just for the teacher, they’re for anyone who would pick them up and be able to understand the concept being explained. As for types of sources: I have an excerpt in an anthropology textbook that was written specifically to address issues of conformity and conflict, and the racism they experience thanks to the environmental development. It was done by an ethnographic researcher, who gathered firsthand information. This was my inspiration. Then, there are the internet sources, which include historical and cultural information. I have information from the Association of Nhandeva, which is a indigenous study focused on this Guarani tribe. I also have documentations from Bolivia describing the cheap, hard labor the Guarani endure in hopes of having clothes on their backs and a plate of food come mealtime. One site, Survival International, makes it their mission to give names and faces to suffering tribal peoples around the world. They venture to speak to them and protest with them. Their news articles give these people voices, opens the world’s eyes and keeps us updated as to their successes and pitfalls. I also have news articles from Brazilian magazines, and international newspapers. For my section two, I researched Guarani kinship systems, a bit more on their customs and lives. I found some anthropological articles on Jstor on the subjects. I want to really get into character for this one. It’s so much fun. But hey, I can always search for more concerning these matters. My working thesis: well I usually find the perfect words as my paper progresses, although I already know what it’s about, but so far: “ Due to this economic shift to cattle raising and interest in lumber, the Guarani continue to suffer at the hands of change as they have for generations.” Jocelyn =)

Extra Note:

Well my fellow bloggers, after writing the proposal for you all last night, the fact that I had narrowed it down to the tribes in Paraguay kept gnawing at me. I guess knowing that I have all this information at my disposal and that I could, in all honestly, cover more ground if I spread myself out, finally got me to decide that I will be incorporating the Guarani people as a whole. It is a bit more to cover, but should pay off in the long run. I just don't want to limit myself. All right, Im off too scan your blogs. Toodles!

Jocelyn =)

I will be their megaphone =)

In my research paper, I wish to address the impact of environmental exploitation, (for example: deforestation), economic growth ( for example: cattle ranching, rather than horticulture), racism and outsiders (for example: missionaries and of course, the evil Western land developer), on the Guarani people of Paraguay. The Guarani are an indigenous peoples dispersed throughout South America, and the term itself refers to their language, as well as their heritage. These people take pride in their culture and in the face of change, desperately try to hold on to this, because at times it is all they have left.

For centuries, the Guarani have been trampled on and the land they had long hunted and gathered on, taken from them. Entire tribes were removed and forced deeper into the forest, or onto plots of land, where they could barely grow enough food to support themselves. Just as their land is taken, so is their dignity and way of life. It has gotten to the point that, in the last decade alone, over 200 individuals have committed suicide. Among them, cases of mothers unable to feed children, children as young as nine, and young girls dreading having to raise a family in those conditions. Ranchers raid, shooting rounds near play areas, raping women, and beating the men as they see fit. To them these are not people, they are animals with no rights, no home and most of all, no voice. All these people end their lives, fearing losing themselves in this change; suffering watching others suffer.

These atrocities, however, seem to go unnoticed to a certain extent. It is not until a tribe leader makes an effort to speak to an official, or contact relatives that have migrated into the cities for wage labor, that word gets out. Sadly, the government is just recently beginning to get involved in tribal affairs, and from what I have gathered there has also been an increase of Western pressure (for example: humanitarian organizations). There has even been a petition to recognize their language and make it official, for more than 90 % of Paraguay’s population know a bit of it. Surprisingly, efforts to gain some land rights have succeeded and a few tribes are occupying the lands of their parent’s and grandparent’s generations once again.

I came across this subject in my Cultural Anthropology class, while reading an ethnography on the Guarani tribes. I was intrigued, and this paper will give me the creative outlet.

Let’s see to who I write this paper? Well, in all seriousness, first off, to all those Guarani who felt the need to end their lives in this environmental and racial conflict. Second, to the land developers who are constantly taking chunks of their rainforest away, degrading their living standards and social patterns. And lastly, to all those who will hear the message and have a voice to relay it.
Who will publish this? Hmm, I would like to post it online, the information should be available. I don’t see why not. Maybe at a site dedicated to campaigning for the improvement of the these hostile situations or an environmental organization shedding light on the social effects of land development.

(1) Alright, this site contains about five articles that I will be using as research, but I decided to post the home page for your browsing pleasure. There you will find some the cases I mentioned in the abstract, including an article about the tribe’s “land victory”. This source offered some insight into the problems constantly faced by the people, as well as a few interesting quotes that set the tone for their view on life. In regards to relentlessly fighting for their rights, one man says, “If you kill an ant, more come out to be killed. We Indians are like that.”

(2) Oh, surprisingly, this source was found on Blogger!! Mentioned here is the brutality experienced by the Guarani peoples in Bolivia. Although I tried to narrow down my spectrum to Paraguay, or I would possibly have too much to write, I want to make a place for this in my work. These people are being exploited for cheap labor and are practically slaves. Apparently, these acts are justified as an effort to “civilize them”. You decide.

(3) So, here we have a letter in which the an organization of “multilingualism” which advocates the need for Guarani to become an official language noted in the Mercosur Parliament. The author states several reasons why the language should be validated, like the fact that it is a language taught in school, and had been declared an “official language alongside Spanish” in the Republic of Paraguay in 1992. Another argument is that other languages rarely spoken in Mercosur, have been made official. Therefore, it is only fair that the people who speak do Guarani deserve to be recognized, and to have it recognized, like any other form of communication. I plan to make note of this discrimination in my paper, as well as take into context the distribution of the language among different countries.

(4) Lastly, before I melt your poor little eye sockets: The link won’t work, but this is an article found through LexisNexis called Jungle tribe quarantines itself from West~

It describes a tribe's efforts to lower suicide rates in its teenagers, and limit their contact with what they consider to be “the modern world”. Therefore, for two months there are restricting their children and teens from going into the main villages, interacting with tourists, and drinking alcoholic beverages.

The elders have brought forth intervention with high hopes that they could rekindle the spirituality in these youngsters. They hope to shower them with cultural virtue and prevent, what I believe is, the contamination of their souls. Passing down the knowledge they acquired from elders before them about such things as “jungle plants with medicinal qualities”, brings them closer together. Change is not good for these people, and holding on seems to be the only remedy for their distress. Once again, their struggles are highlighted. The effect that change in location, and ways of living have effected the Guarani. I will make an example of the elders attempts to salvage their younger generations and maintain their interest.

Well, hope you enjoyed, and are at least a bit intrigued lolz I will be checking yours out in bit! =)

Jocelyn =) Much Love!

(Idon't know why the space is like that =( I am so not computer savvy =( so suggestions are appreciated lolz)

Oh no! My Reese's!!

Hmmm, let’s see what has changed over these last six weeks… As I have mentioned before I have always cared about the environment and acknowledged the effects of global warming. I have done my best to apply energy saving techniques at home and share my beliefs with the younger generations. I guess that watching Gore’s film, The Inconvenient Truth, along with reading the book, really struck a cord with me. I had heard of the poor drowning polar bears, of the glaciers disappearing, of storms and heat waves getting worse, but the harsh reality that we would be seeing the “Day after Tomorrow” effects in less than another hundred years left me thinking. I had actually had a conversation with my mother about the issues, and at one point even thought that maybe bringing a child into this world wouldn’t be a good idea. I mean, my children’s children could be living in the disastrous wasteland that lies ahead of us. My mother argued that if more people thought like me, maybe we would solve the population problem. Then, she added that she REALLY wanted a grandchild though…”Maybe one”, I said. =) So I guess I am just more scared, than I was before. I sound like a lunatic, ( my mother says =) ) talking about how if we don’t change it’ll be the end of the world as we know it. Another point, is a question the professor had asked us earlier on, “Do believe that we will eventually be a utopia or a dystopia?” I said that I reserved a bit of hope, that I hadn’t seen too much willingness in the public, but that maybe, just maybe, there would be a day that we would be more environmentally conscious. After reading the five blogs for Blog 5, and checking out those of my fellow classmates, I have to say that my hope is stronger and steadier than before. Universities, corporations, and regular people, like us, are worried about what’s going on, and are trying to get the word out there. There are so many solutions being outlined, new problems being discovered, and the prospect of a new world on the horizon. As of late, I have seen a boom of commercials and ads about recycling, being “green”, and even the Sundance channel is giving way to a slew of environmentally friendly programs. In the train, at school, on billboards, during my favorite shows, the showering of advertisements telling us that we must do our part to protect this world. There are angles about great savings in the long run, healthier and happier lives, and being “green” as a fashionable trend. Hey, I still say “Green is the new Black.”, and I’m going to get my slogan printed on a second-hand t-shirt. Lol I’m going to patent that! The group project provided more insight that religion and spirituality could be used to enlighten people. Certain religious ethics are trying to be implemented in environmental education and conservation projects. People sometimes find these ideas more relatable to everyday life, and accept them more readily. So all in all, this has been an wonderful experience and an eye opener as well. I look forward to our trip to the museum and want to check out the water exhibit as well. The research project seems like its going to a fun and interesting undertaking. Where is this all taking me, you ask? Well, in Fall 2008 LaGuardia is hoping to start an Environmental Science course, and I am so in! I will continue being my “super hippie” self, as my friends call me, and keep propelling toward a career where I can make a difference. Jocelyn =) “Stop global warming now, or all the Reese’s will melt.”

Making Differences, One Blog at a Time

Well, forgive me if this entry lacks some energy, but I am feeling particularly under the weather. The blogs, however, served as some upliftment for they expressed genuine interest in the global issues. For example, The Sustainable Cities Blog is in conjunction with CUNY and reports on events and seminars, as well as local news. I liked the way this blog was organized because it pointed out things that are effecting New Yorkers everyday. The MTA, statistics about how climate change will affect our region, and the intergration of more non-white researchers. Although, these topics correlate with environmentalism, I didn't feel a connection between the blogger and I. I felt that the topics were just being reported and informational. The GristMill also has this reportative kind of feel. It is a base for "environmental news and commentary". I really liked the most recent article about carbon dioxide levels in the ocean and how it is changing the face of photosynthesis as we know it. Funny enough, we just started the topic of photosynthesis in my Biology class, so I plan to post this link on our discussion board. Overall, it gave me the same impression as the first. I did find the post weird in a way, I don't know, all the ...'s, I wasn't sure if he was just putting down excerpt's from the article or his own thoughts. Again, it was interesting but not as intriguing as I had hoped. Let's see, for Green as a Thistle , I really felt like Vanessa was really trying to reach her audience. She's funny and most importantly, honest, so as you follow her journey you can't help but cheer her on. She mentions a book deal, so of course, you guys know I'm getting that! I thought her entries showed how she changed as a person, as well as how she changed her lifestyle. I plan to read some more entries, and keep up with her updates. Now, No Impact Man was really interesting. Knowing that he is trying to do this in New York City of all places, really gives off a sense of allure. I love how he mentions bringing along his " baby daughter, and Prada wearing, Four Seasons- loving wife" for the ride. The rent-a-toys scheme is something I hope will take off, and I will try to find one organization that does it in Manhattan. Well, it was his blog that I commented on. His point about establishing "a materials economy based on things that last instead of things designed to be thrown away", really reminded me of standing in line at the store and looking at a wall and seeing disposable cameras, pens, eating ware, cell phones and lighters. I just don't see why most of these things have to be disposable, we can reuse things like this. Use a regular camera: replace film or memory card, refill pens, wash dishes and utensils (don't be lazy) and refill lighters. I guess if we did these things the manufacturers wouldn't make any money then, right? Lastly, the Eco Geek is also an informative blog, but the way it is written shows alot more personality than the prior blogs. The information about the waterheaters, hybrid cars, and energy sufficient houses was put across not only with facts but with a supportive opinion. He even mentions things he disagrees with. So it goes to show that although it might mean green, it doesn't necessarily mean its a full-proof idea. I guess that's a little about each of the blogs. Short and sweet, which is new for me lolz Hope you enjoy. I plan to check up on each of these regularly to follow any new issues that I may miss. To all my fellow ranters, Goodnight. Jocelyn =)

One vs. The Whole

Believe me, I like the idea of having my own independent thoughts. I am fully aware that I am not a lone entity, but part of something more. Our actions effect others, while theirs effect us. A person decides to jump into the subway tracks after their new iphone, we'll be on the receiving end of the delays due to his recklessness. If another person donates $5 million dollars to a children's center, they will alter the course of several children's lives. Because the center could now afford computers, a new generation of software programmers are born.

Society works much like a well oiled machine. Each individual, role, and action form a part of its inner workings. The key concept here, however, is that it works as a whole. It is not a phenomena that social roles seem to reproduce themselves generation after generation. Each person has their part.

We are all interconnected and the "world" is incredibly small. How to explain this connection, and oh yes, interdependency? Well, for one, I wouldn't have the clothes I was wearing today. Someone had to invest in the clothing company, build the factory, work in it, distribute the clothing and deliver it to the store where I initially bought it from. Obviously, this process did not take just one person. Hmmm...I should whip out the Thank you cards.

Although I could walk to school in about twenty minutes, I chose the train, which evidently turned out to be a bad decision. The train was thirty minutes late, and the second train was going Express, so I would have to transfer in order to return. This was horrible, because it was only a stop away in the first place. From the top: I would not have the option of taking mass transit if no one had laid down the tracks, constructed the train cars and if there were no conductors. I was so upset that the train was late, I never even thought to appreciate the people who made this all possible.

I do not have a printer at home, so I have to use the LaGuardia library's printers. Because I was late to school, printing my homework would make me later to class. Personally, I commend the school's extensive lab services. There are easily five times more computers available in the LaGuardia E building alone, than in my old high school. I am indebted to the people who provide those computers through funds, and donations. They were literally investing in our futures. I take full advantage of these facilities and tell all of you, my fellow students, to do so as well. The library printers have served me for countless assignments, and for that I will be forever grateful.

I also had lunch with my friend, who happens to be involved with the student government. I was invited to his birthday party, along with my boyfriend, and he told me how he will be sending a mass text message to 400 students from the campus to join in the festivities. So I will be taking part in a celebration comprised of students that must pass me in the hallway all the time, that I may have class with, and who I may have stood between on the cafeteria line. =) Who knows? 400 people, 400 possibilities. This invitation isn't only a fun idea because I haven't been to a party in ages, but develops a connection between the host and his invitees.

Lastly, on a chivalrous note, I would like to mention that after buying a bag of dog food, I was walking toward the door when a stranger rushed up to it, and opened it for me. I actually looked up, and paused for a moment. I said, " Thank you.", and went on my merry way. I guess what got to me most was that he wasn't even going into the store. It was just a random act of kindness.

This brings me to this quote:
"...we enshrine the self as the unit of ethical account, separate and distinct not just from the natural world but even from a sense of obligation to others--not just others in future generations, but increasingly even to others in the same generation." - Al Gore Earth in the Balance, pg 241

Drawing from these examples, try to explain why is it that we instead "enshrine the self as the unit of ethical account" (basically, what "I" consider "right" or "wrong" originates with what "I" want only), and forget all the people to whom we owe our lives?

I think that we as humans are not only selfish creatures but fearful ones. Many fear the thought that we alone can cause great change. That our actions have consequences. Well, I guess it could have alot to do with denial as well. Thoughts of,"What I do doesn't matter" or "Oh, c'mon. What's gonna happen?", spring to mind.

It makes me think of the philosopher, Jean-Paul Sartre and how he argued that a free man was entirely responsible for his actions and should understand that his decisions effect others around him. This idea uncovers the great connection that we all share. That our decisions correlate with others decisions.

Having the power to effect others is not something many people want to hold up to. You would have to take into account that what are considered "ethical values" have been badgered into you by your society, and that you have the choice to follow them or not; that others livelihood are literally in your hands. It would call for humanity to be more united. To put aside race, gender, religion, and preference.

It would mean that we would have to accept and appreciate one another more. Acknowledge that our quality of living would not be the same if others were not on some invisible plane manning the switches. This truth is too hard to collectively accept just yet. The world is not ready...no, its people are not ready to break barriers, admit dependence, and take responsibility for their faults.

Jocelyn =) Mind your manners boys and girls.

Whispers to Screams

Hmmm…One of the questions posed in the Inconvenient Truth is , “How will you follow your passion?” Well, lucky for the world, the environment is my passion . Being of Wiccan faith, I believe humans and nature are one. This religious perspective and my love for this world, fuels my everyday life because without it, I would not exist. Therefore, I am driven to protect and serve it. Now, how do, or will I continue to do so you ask? I already rant to all those who will hear me, about our recklessness, our wastefulness, our cruelty to both man and creature, alike. I spread the word about global warming. I freak people out telling them how “our world” will come to an end possibly in our lifetimes, if no changes are made. How storms, flash floods, quakes and drought will take over one after another. I take pictures of the world I see around me everyday, hoping to open eyes. I read articles and write about my concerns, but sometimes it seems my pleas fall upon deaf ears. I teach children at the local community center about protecting the environment, caring for animals and maintaining gardens. At home, simple things like reminding family members and visitors to recycle, and conserve water and energy. These things I will continue to do, full of passion and conviction, until my voice grows hoarse and there is no longer air left in my lungs. The second question asks, “How will you use your education to make the world a better place?” For one, I plan to go into the Environmental Sciences, and hopefully, although undecided, gear off into an area of Forestry, or Wildlife Conservation and Rehabilitation. Hence, my education will not only help my get into the field but, once inside I can make more of a difference than I could without the advantage.This type of field gives me access to top notch scientists, information and not to mention, opportunities to do some real work. Working in Forestry, for instance, I can plant a tremendous amount of trees and maintain the ones that are currently living out their lives. I can start programs to get more people involved, and campaign against deforestation. As a figure in the field, hopefully my chances of being heard shoot up some eighty percent. =) Meanwhile, taking a swing at Wildlife Conservation and Rehabilitation would put me more in the middle of the action.=) I would be able to interact with and save endangered species. I would be able to travel and see parts of the world tourists do not venture to. Interesting enough, wildlife conservation organizations, like that of the World Wildlife Fund, are actually working with humanitarian organizations that help people who have fallen victim to natural disasters. I could not only make a difference in the natural world, but with these people too. But come to think of it, we are the natural world. Why do we draw this imaginary line? Are we so suprerior that we must separate ourselves in such a way? Are we so intelligent? That has yet to be justified…if we were, we wouldn’t be screwing with our home this thoughtlessly, would we? I originally tried to browse this site Home Energy Savings Checklist from the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, but it did not work. Personally, I find checklists very interesting and I believe that when presented to a large population, like that found on the world wide web, they appear to be more appealing than articles. I then tried Consumer Federation of Americas checklist of Ten simple ways to cut energy costs: This site presents the concept of “10 bright ideas to promote energy efficiency”. It seems geared at audiences of all ages, and has an overall “fun” presentation. Its tactics are full of examples of companies or people who’ve saved and they throw crazy amounts of savings at you, 10 billion, even 70 billion! They offer fact sheets, which are always appreciated =) and even have interactive groups if you wish to share your concerns. The EnergyStar logo sits in the corner, and the benefits to switching to their equipment are mentioned. The words, “Save money…save the planet…use less energy.”, seem to be the main campaign idea. Its like, “Don’t worry, saving the planet won’t burn a whole in your pocket.” But hey, the people eat it up. Consume Less, Conserve More: Ideas On How to Pare Down: I was surprised to see that this site includes Annie Leonard’s “The Story of Stuff” video. The concept of the site revolves around the “new” American dream. A dream that doesn’t give the environment the short end of the stick. The Homepage breaks up into different areas: Live consciously, Buy Wisely, Make a Difference. I think that the category titles alone make you think. You are offered consumer guides, readings, ways of saving money and saving the earth…which seems to be a common element in various advertising approaches. There is even an “Alternative gift registry”, where you can buy or receive gifts that wouldn’t be considered traditional, but are environmentally friendly, like secondhand items, or even, nonmaterial wishes. Lastly, there is even a way that you can become a member and network with other “dreamers”. Benefits of Using Refillable Beverage Containers: Ha! The advantages of a refillable system are finally exposed! The site even states that it is the only website promoting these ideas as well. I say this so enthusiastically because I recently wrote about rhe refilling system in Costa Rica. Well, the content is genuinely interesting and in some parts doesn’t make you feel too optimistic. Unfortunately, because the plastic, “throw-away” bottle was introduced in the later nineties, the refilling plants were closed in the United States, and are suffering in parts of the world where the system once dominated. Personally, I’m hoping for a comeback for everyone’s sake. It really is good page, check it out. Jocelyn =) Now I would of picked more, but you guys would possibly skip my Blog for it being soo long, so I’ll stop here. See you in class. Check out the sites. Enjoy!! =)

Buried Six Feet Under...but still breathing.

Well, I am kind of continuing my second Blog. I thought that some people may be scared off by the sheer volume of my response to the homework question, so I thought that a little rant about things that annoyed me this week should appropriately have its own section. It gives your eyes a break as you move from part one to part two lolz =) I posted the homework part a few hours ago and no one has commented so I suspect I might have gone overboard =/ (let me know) Well, first off the homework assignment about collecting our trash for a day and a half. Professor Gallardo said it was only about ten bags of garbage, and when we went into M-111 to separate the waste from the recyclable, the results were disappointing. Some of the things we thought could be reused couldn’t be…the more to throw away. There was more garbage, including the bags they were in, than what could be recycled…and it was only a day and a half. We, Americans, just seem to waste so much and replace so easily. Never take into account the consequences of our actions, or uphold our responsibility to the environment…I was walking to the QueensPlaza station looking at all the garbage that lined the fence and gutters. I realized I had my camera and took a few photos of what it is we do with our garbage. Most of it was paper and plastic. Would it have hurt the person to have put it in a blue bin? No. A rose bush’s branches has also become home to a Pepsi bottle, someone must have found that very amusing. Why? It is really upsetting. One great example was last Sunday, I had decided to stay in bed for a little while longer than usual. I saw a dark shape move along the top of the tree outside my window, so I sat up to see if it was a large bird. Much to my dismay…it was a rather large plastic bag. The wind kept it going along the roofs…my only hope is that it doesn’t end up in the ocean like countless others before it. There they are confused with jellyfish by porpoises, who readily devour them. http://www.k12.nf.ca/swiftcurrent/gei/opollution.html Then, the next I watched as the printer in the school library went haywire and began spewing out paper at the students standing beside it. While my friend found the scene quite amusing, all I kept saying was, “What a waste of paper.” That is why he has renamed me “Super Hippie”. =) I mean what is the point of printing out a Power Point presentation? If it consists of your class notes, then you should have written it down or copy down what you missed. Or if you really, so desperately, need that Power Point, put it on Microsoft Word and resize the slides to fit many on a page, while still being legible. I find myself minimizing the font to size 8 when printing out research, in order to save more paper. I just feel that we do so many pointless things…like the Professor said, “Humans are not logical.” Even looking through the newspaper this week, further disappointed me in my own species. The article about global warming is on page four about 2” x 3”, while an article about a woman who had her skin become fused to a toilet after remaining on it for two years, is on page two about 7” by 5”. Our priorities are beyond screwed up and we need someone or something to make us straighten them out(unfortunately). Maybe the new president could do something…*sighs* One could only dream. (-_-) Maybe something can be done about our escalating gas prices. My best friend commented to me yesterday that he never thought he’d see the day when gasoline would cost more than milk…but hey in some parts it’s here, in others it’s coming. As gasoline prices skyrocket, agricultural products also increase. Milk included. How much are we paying now, like $4.25...it is absolutely unbelievable. We need change. We have to change. If not, we have nothing else to do but rot away with the earth around us. Jocelyn=) A little bit of difference, goes a long way. It starts with YOU. (and you, and you, and you too!)

Big Sister Costa Rica

Two years ago, I had the pleasure of returning to my mother’s native country of Costa Rica. I refuse to believe that its true beauty can be captured in a photograph, for it is a serene ambiance that drives the people there. The rainforest, the mountains, and the wildlife is simply amazing.

We have a tendency of returning every couple of years, but this was the first time I went by myself and bounced around from relative to relative. I think that because I had no parent setting everything up behind the scenes, no leader to follow, I became the victim of frequent culture-shock. Just going to the store...no, wait...ever since I woke up, there was already an array of things going on. I obviously recognized the fact that I was in a different country, but I began to notice an important cultural aspect I had somehow missed on my prior visits.

There are some huge differences in how they consume, and as you will read, with their disposal and reuse. As for advertisements, you see a few bill boards on the major highways and cities. There was this huge electronic billboard when you were driving to the airport. It led to equally huge disputes because it caused so many accidents. The people were being distracted and the result was sometimes fatal. I also noticed billboards on the sides of trucks. I see another dispute coming... At home, the commercials just seemed to be mostly about food, video games, maybe one/two about vacationing, and others promoting television programs. There were no commercials concerning clothes or any type of fashion. Nothing about cellphones or ipods, computers or appliances. Its not that they don't exist, I just guess those advertisements are geared toward "touristas" in hotels, or people who get satellite television.

Ahh, leisure time is usually spent going to the park, having picnics, visiting friends, taking up a hobby or simply watching television. My cousins spend all their free time playing with the Playstation we sent them, while my aunt prefers to knit. The people there tend to go outdoors alot more, and take advantage of the sights around them. I can't say I blame them either.They walk almost everywhere, but that is also because not many can afford a car. When I come to think about it, some people have been here in New York City all their lives and have never been to the Empire State Building, or the Museum of Natural History (by themselves, not class trips =P). Costa Ricans have a different approach to life, conservation, consumption, and hey, happiness. I swear there is something in that air. They even have laws and fees to keep in practice the process that propels their everyday lives.

And so it begins...at 6:30 in the morning...the vendors would sweep the streets, calling out the fruits they had in stock for breakfast. I watched as my aunt paid the man and then just grabbed what she wanted. No plastic bags to throw out, and right to your door. Talk about convenience, right? Well, I am just getting started. As we got ready to shower, it was another story. The people of Costa Rica pay for water, EVERYONE pays for water. Also, very few people can afford a water heater, hence cold showers are customary. For us uptight Americans a freezing cold shower in the morning is not very appealing.Oh and I do mean freezing, because the water comes directly from the mountain rivers. So, while my cousins took cold showers, I had to have my water boiled. But I was only allowed one barrel, which in time, I learned was actually more than enough. Although this need to save water is in order to save money, it is in turn conditioning the people to waste less water. They wash dishes by hand and usually laundry too. In some parts, some do not even know what a dishwashing or washing machine is!

Anyway, back to the subject, following our morning rituals, breakfast was either bought fresh or was yesterday's leftovers. If we were sent to the store for bread, we were also sent with the empty two-liter Coke bottle. Why you ask? Because in Costa Rica you refill the bottle at the store. Unless you have alot of money, or some damage comes to the bottle itself, people simply reuse plastic and glass bottles countless times again. This applies to beer, soda, anything in a glass or plastic bottle, except milk. (Oh by the way, except in resorts, there is NO bottled water either.) For one this is cheaper, because glass is very expensive in Costa Rica. Interestingly enough, although I don't know why, the brown glass is actually more expensive than the clear glass. You also have to recycle all metals and cardboard. Summing this up, this fortunately leads to less waste being produced.

The waste that is produced, however, is usually food scraps, napkins, and I guess, items that they are unable to reuse. The garbage is picked up two times a week, if the truck comes around both times, that is. I saw only one landfill there, but obviously there has to be more. There was not much litter in the streets, but the deep gutters where the water runs into the sewers sometimes has some garbage in it. The people usually sweep in front of their homes and keep the street clean so their children can play. My stepfather does that in front of our building here. More people should do it here, because if everyone did just a little, I bet the streets would be nicer to look at. =)

Another aspect of home life, is that it is not uncommon to be in a home without a refrigerator. Due to this, many people do not buy in bulk. Also in all my time there, I never saw or heard of a store that resembled our BJ's or Costcos. I guess those types of stores might never make any money over there. As for the supermarkets, which were like one in every town (sometimes we had to take a bus), we are expected to bring our own plastic bags or better yet, a cloth bag. If you "forget" like most Americans do, (my first time) you have to pay 150 colones a bag, equivalent to about 20 cents here. Ok, my mom had just given my aunt a refrigerator...so I was stocking up...after a couple of bags, those 20 cents stack up. I know that we are trying to do the whole "bring your own bag" thing here, but why not add a 10 cent penalty for "forgetting". I commend the Costa Rican people for enforcing these rules.

So I'll finish this answer with this funny anecdote.The street vendors, similar to our hot dog stands, have their own way of doing things too. I was sightseeing with my uncle and it was an incredibly hot day, so we headed over to a vendor. I was happy to see a glass bottle of Coke in the ice box. I grabbed it, put it up on the counter and started scrounging in my bag for the money. I glanced up once when I heard him open it, and I thought, "What good service!" When I finally looked up again, the man was handing me a Ziploc bag with a straw in it. I don't know what face I must have made, but my uncle couldn't stop laughing. I paid the guy, took the bag, and asked my uncle what the hell was going on. He explained that vendors refill their glass bottles, so when you buy a drink they put it in a "baggie" =). (This was before I knew about the refilling system.)

"The Environment and Me"

Oops! You forgot to turn off the coffee-maker, again. Now, you are running late because of your forty-five minute shower. On your way to the subway your eating a granola bar...Oh, wait, now your finished. No garbage can in sight. Oh, what the heck, you drop the wrapper and continue on your way. You may feel there was only a couple of hours of energy waste, a few extra gallons of water have literally gone down drain, and hey, "It was just one wrapper." No harm done. But what if a million other people were thinking the exact same thing? One wrapper would rapidly become one million. Everything we do effects the world around us. Day after day, we leave our mark.

This morning, for example, brushing my teeth, taking my shower, and making my coffee, were all forms of water consumption.Blowdrying my hair, turning on the hall light, and using any other appliances involved using energy. I changed the newspaper in my bird's and possums' cages. This paper, obviously, cannot be recycled. Then, I printed out about four different homework assignments, which led to further paper consumption. Typing this out now, is yet another example of energy use. Although I take part in roughly the same morning rituals as many other Americans, I try to reduce the amount comsumption as best I can.

My family does their best to be "eco-friendly". My stepfather, for instance, took on the responsibilty of sorting out and bagging all of the recyables in apartment building. We save energy by unplugging all the appliances, unless they are in use. We conserve water by shutting off the water while brushing our teeth, and by taking showers in increments: Turn on the shower, wet body and hair; next, turn off water, shampoo and lather on body wash; then turn on water again; the same for conditioning and so on. These countermeasures might seem small, but we try to do our part and hope others may also be doing similar things.

My feelings toward the environment are not only inspired by concern but also by several religious aspects. I believe that we are interconnected with nature, and we must understand that if we do nothing in order to maintain it, who will? Will our children be able to enjoy the great outdoors, or be greeted by barren fields? Will they be able to see polar ice caps, or will they be taught that they are a thing of the past?

The signs for change are there, but it seems that they are not yet enough of a push to make a dramatic transition. Only collectively can we make an impact. If not now, then when?